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Hawker Henley
The Hawker Henley was a British two-seat target tug derived from the Hawker Hurricane that was operated by the RAF during the Second World War.
==Design and development==
In 1934 Air Ministry Specification P.4/34 was issued which called for a light bomber that could also be deployed in a close-support role. Fairey, Gloster and Hawker all rushed to fulfil this need and competition was tight to attain the highest performance possible.
As the aircraft required only a modest bomb load, and with performance being paramount, the Hawker design team chose to focus its efforts on developing an aircraft similar in size to their Hurricane fighter. The Hurricane itself was then in an advanced design stage, and there would be benefits if some assemblies were common to both aircraft. This resulted in the Henley, as it was to become known, sharing identical outer wing panel and tailplane jigs with the Hurricane. Both were equipped with the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine as it offered the best power-weight ratio as well as a minimal frontal area. The Henley’s cantilever fabric-covered monoplane wing was mid-set, a retractable tail wheel landing gear was selected and accommodation provided for a pilot and observer/air gunner, which differed from the Hurricane’s single-seat accommodation.
Although construction of a Henley prototype began as early as mid-1935, with all priorities going to Hurricane development it was not until 10 March 1937 that, powered by a Merlin "F" engine, it was first flown at Brooklands; shortly after the competing Fairey P.4/34. Subsequently the aircraft was refitted with light alloy stressed-skin wings and a Merlin I engine (production version of the F) and further test flights confirmed the excellence of its performance. It could reach a top speed of . However, the Air Ministry had by this point decided that it no longer required a light bomber, and the Henley was adapted as a target tug. Henley production was subcontracted to Gloster Aircraft and 200 were ordered into production. The second prototype was fitted with a propeller-driven winch to haul in the drogue cable after air-to-air firing sorties and was first flown on 26 May 1938.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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